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Main article: History of tattooing A pe'a is a traditional male tattoo in Samoa . Samoan tattooing was practiced continuously...

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Main article: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_tattooing" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="History of tattooing">History of tattooing</a></div>
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<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_Samoan_Tattoo_-_back.jpg" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2224" data-file-width="1102" height="343" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Traditional_Samoan_Tattoo_-_back.jpg/170px-Traditional_Samoan_Tattoo_-_back.jpg" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Traditional_Samoan_Tattoo_-_back.jpg/255px-Traditional_Samoan_Tattoo_-_back.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Traditional_Samoan_Tattoo_-_back.jpg/340px-Traditional_Samoan_Tattoo_-_back.jpg 2x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="170" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: left; word-wrap: break-word;">
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<a class="internal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_Samoan_Tattoo_-_back.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2011%2015%22%20width%3D%2215%22%20height%3D%2211%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cg%20id%3D%22magnify-clip%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22bigbox%22%20d%3D%22M1.509%201.865h10.99v7.919h-10.99z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22smallbox%22%20d%3D%22M-1.499%206.868h5.943v4.904h-5.943z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fg%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; display: block; height: 11px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 15px; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
A <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%27a" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pe'a">pe'a</a> is a traditional male tattoo in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>. Samoan tattooing was practiced continuously despite attempts at suppression during the 1830s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="font-size: 10px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></div>
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Preserved tattoos on ancient <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mummies" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mummies">mummified</a> human remains reveal that tattooing has been practiced throughout the world for many centuries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Oldest_Tattoos_21-0" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-Oldest_Tattoos-21" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[21]</a></sup> The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ainu_people" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a>, an indigenous people of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Japan">Japan</a>, traditionally had facial tattoos, as did the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austroasian" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Austroasian">Austroasians</a>. Today, one can find <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atayal_people" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Atayal people">Atayal</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seediq_people" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Seediq people">Seediq</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truku_people" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Truku people">Truku</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saisiyat_people" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Saisiyat people">Saisiyat</a> of Taiwan, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_people" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Berber people">Berbers</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamazgha" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tamazgha">Tamazgha</a> (North Africa), Yoruba, Fulani and Hausa people of Nigeria, and Māori of New Zealand with facial tattoos.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-samoa_1-1" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-samoa-1" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Maori.com_22-0" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-Maori.com-22" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[22]</a></sup> Tattooing was popular among certain ethnic groups in southern China, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesia" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a>, Africa, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>, Cambodia, Europe, Japan, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentawai_Islands" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mentawai Islands">Mentawai Islands</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MesoAmerica" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="MesoAmerica">MesoAmerica</a>, New Zealand, North America and South America, the Philippines, Iron Age Britain, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2015, scientific re-assessment of the age of the two oldest known tattooed mummies, identified <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96tzi" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ötzi">Ötzi</a> as the oldest currently known example. This body, with 61 tattoos, was found embedded in glacial ice in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Alps">Alps</a>, and was dated to 3,250 BC.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Oldest_Tattoos_21-1" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-Oldest_Tattoos-21" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[21]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-23" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[23]</a></sup></div>
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<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scythian_tatoo.jpg" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="400" data-file-width="207" height="232" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a6/Scythian_tatoo.jpg/120px-Scythian_tatoo.jpg" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a6/Scythian_tatoo.jpg/180px-Scythian_tatoo.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a6/Scythian_tatoo.jpg 2x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="120" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: left; word-wrap: break-word;">
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<a class="internal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scythian_tatoo.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2011%2015%22%20width%3D%2215%22%20height%3D%2211%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cg%20id%3D%22magnify-clip%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22bigbox%22%20d%3D%22M1.509%201.865h10.99v7.919h-10.99z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22smallbox%22%20d%3D%22M-1.499%206.868h5.943v4.904h-5.943z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fg%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; display: block; height: 11px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 15px; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
A tattoo on the right arm of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scythians" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Scythians">Scythian</a> chieftain whose mummy was discovered at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pazyryk_burials" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pazyryk burials">Pazyryk</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>. The tattoo was made more than 2,500 years ago.</div>
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It is a myth that the modern revival of tattooing stems from Captain James Cook's three voyages to the South Pacific in the late 1700s.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-24" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-24" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[24]</a></sup> Certainly, Cook's voyages and the dissemination of the texts and images from them brought more awareness about tattooing (and, as noted above, imported the word "tattow" into Western languages), but Europeans have been tattooed throughout history. On Cook's first voyage in 1768, his science officer and expedition botanist, Sir Joseph Banks, as well as artist Sydney Parkinson and many others of the crew, returned to England with tattoos, although many of these men would have had pre-existing tattoos. Banks was a highly regarded member of the English aristocracy that had acquired his position with Cook by co-financing the expedition with ten thousand pounds, a very large sum at the time. In turn, Cook brought back with him a tattooed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raiatea" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Raiatea">Raiatean</a> man, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omai" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Omai">Omai</a>, whom he presented to King George and the English Court. On subsequent voyages other crew members, from officers, such as American John Ledyard, to ordinary seamen, were tattooed.</div>
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The first documented professional tattooist in Britain was established in the port of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> in the 1870s. In Britain tattooing was still largely associated with sailors<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-25" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[25]</a></sup> and the lower or even criminal class,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-26" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[26]</a></sup> but by the 1870s had become fashionable among some members of the upper classes, including royalty,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Abington_2010_2-1" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-Abington_2010-2" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-27" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[27]</a></sup> and in its upmarket form it could be an expensive<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-28" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[28]</a></sup> and sometimes painful<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-29" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[29]</a></sup> process. A marked class division on the acceptability of the practice continued for some time in Britain.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-30" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[30]</a></sup> Recently a trend has arisen marketed as 'Stick and Poke' tattooing; primitive figures are permanently inscribed by the user himself after he obtains a 'DIY' kit containing needles, ink and a collection of suggestions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-31" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[31]</a></sup></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="United_States">United States</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; display: inline-block; font-size: x-small; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em; margin-left: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tattoo&action=edit&section=10" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></h3>
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<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tattooed_sailor_aboard_the_USS_New_Jersey.jpg" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="618" data-file-width="600" height="216" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Tattooed_sailor_aboard_the_USS_New_Jersey.jpg/210px-Tattooed_sailor_aboard_the_USS_New_Jersey.jpg" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Tattooed_sailor_aboard_the_USS_New_Jersey.jpg/315px-Tattooed_sailor_aboard_the_USS_New_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Tattooed_sailor_aboard_the_USS_New_Jersey.jpg/420px-Tattooed_sailor_aboard_the_USS_New_Jersey.jpg 2x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="210" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: left; word-wrap: break-word;">
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Tattooed sailor aboard the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_New_Jersey_(BB-62)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="USS New Jersey (BB-62)">USS <i>New Jersey</i></a> in 1944</div>
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As most tattoos in the U.S. were done by Polynesian and Japanese amateurs, tattoo artists were in great demand in port cities all over the world, especially by European and American sailors. The first recorded professional tattoo artist in the United States was a German immigrant, Martin Hildebrandt.</div>
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He opened a shop in New York City in 1846 and quickly became popular during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> among soldiers and sailors of both Union and Confederate militaries. Hildebrandt began traveling from camp to camp to tattoo soldiers, making his popularity increase, and also giving birth to the tradition of getting tattoos while being an American serviceman. Soon after the Civil War, tattoos became fashionable among upper-class young adults. This trend lasted until the beginning of WWI. The invention of the electric tattoo machine caused popularity of tattoos among the wealthy to drop off. The machine made the tattooing procedure both much easier and cheaper, thus, eliminating the status symbol tattoos previously held, as they were now affordable for all socioeconomic classes. The status symbol of a tattoo shifted from a representation of wealth, to a mark typically seen on rebels and criminals. Despite this change, tattoos remained popular among military servicemen, and the tradition continues today. Over time tattoos have become increasingly popular in the U.S., and according to a study in 2006; nearly 25 percent of Americans between the ages of eighteen and fifty have one or more tattoos.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-32" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[32]</a></sup></div>
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Since the 1970s, tattoos have become a mainstream part of Western fashion, common among both sexes, to all economic classes, and to age groups from the later teen years to middle age. For many young Americans, the tattoo has taken on a decidedly different meaning than for previous generations. The tattoo has "undergone dramatic redefinition" and has shifted from a form of deviance to an acceptable form of expression.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-33" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[33]</a></sup> In 2010, 25% of Australians under age 30 had tattoos.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-34" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[34]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (April 2016)">not in citation given</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Disputed_statement" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Disputed statement"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (April 2016)">dubious</span></a> <span class="metadata">– <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tattoo#Dubious" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Talk:Tattoo">discuss</a></span></i>]</sup></div>

History

Main article: History of tattooing A pe'a is a traditional male tattoo in Samoa . Samoan tattooing was practiced continuously...

Types

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Title: Types
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The American Academy of Dermatology distinguishes five types of tattoos: [4] traumatic tattoos, also called "natural tattoos"...

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The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Dermatology" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="American Academy of Dermatology">American Academy of Dermatology</a> distinguishes five types of tattoos:<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-4" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[4]</a></sup> traumatic tattoos, also called "natural tattoos", that result from injuries, especially asphalt from road injuries or pencil lead; amateur tattoos; professional tattoos, both via traditional methods and modern tattoo machines; cosmetic tattoos, also known as "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_makeup" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Permanent makeup">permanent makeup</a>"; and <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_tattoos" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Medical tattoos">medical tattoos</a>.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Traumatic_tattoos">Traumatic tattoos</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; display: inline-block; font-size: x-small; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em; margin-left: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tattoo&action=edit&section=3" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Traumatic tattoos">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></h3>
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</td><td class="mbox-text" style="border: none; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; width: 754px;"><span class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>. <span class="hide-when-compact">Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tattoo&action=edit" style="background-image: none !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; color: #663366; padding: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">improve this article</a> by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing_with_Wiki_Markup/1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <small><i>(November 2010)</i></small> <small class="hide-when-compact"><i>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a>)</i></small></span></td></tr>
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According to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Orwell" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mining" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Coal mining">coal miners</a> could develop characteristic tattoos owing to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_dust" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Coal dust">coal dust</a> getting into <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wound" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wound">wounds</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-5" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup> This can also occur with substances like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunpowder" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a>. Similarly, a traumatic tattoo occurs when a substance such as asphalt is rubbed into a wound as the result of some kind of accident or trauma. These are particularly difficult to remove as they tend to be spread across several layers of skin, and scarring or permanent discoloration is almost unavoidable depending on the location. An <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalgam_tattoo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Amalgam tattoo">amalgam tattoo</a> is when <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalgam_(dentistry)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Amalgam (dentistry)">amalgam</a> particles are implanted in to the soft tissues of the mouth, usually the gums, during dental filling placement or removal; another example of such accidental tattoos is the result of a deliberate or accidental stabbing with a pencil or pen, leaving graphite or ink beneath the skin.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Amateur_and_professional_tattoos">Amateur and professional tattoos</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; display: inline-block; font-size: x-small; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em; margin-left: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tattoo&action=edit&section=4" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Amateur and professional tattoos">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></h3>
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<a class="internal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_marriageable_girl.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2011%2015%22%20width%3D%2215%22%20height%3D%2211%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cg%20id%3D%22magnify-clip%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22bigbox%22%20d%3D%22M1.509%201.865h10.99v7.919h-10.99z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22smallbox%22%20d%3D%22M-1.499%206.868h5.943v4.904h-5.943z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fg%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; display: block; height: 11px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 15px; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
Tattooing among females of the Koita people of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> traditionally began at age five and was added to each year, with the V-shaped tattoo on the chest indicating that she had reached marriageable age. Photo taken in 1912.</div>
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Many tattoos serve as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rite_of_passage" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Rite of passage">rites of passage</a>, marks of status and rank, symbols of religious and spiritual devotion, decorations for bravery, sexual lures and marks of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Fertility">fertility</a>, pledges of love, punishment, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amulet" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Amulet">amulets</a> and talismans, protection, and as the marks of outcasts, slaves and convicts. The symbolism and impact of tattoos varies in different places and cultures. Tattoos may show how a person feels about a relative (commonly mother/father or daughter/son) or about an unrelated person.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-6" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup> Today, people choose to be tattooed for artistic, cosmetic, sentimental/<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Memorial">memorial</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Religion">religious</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_(paranormal)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Magic (paranormal)">magical</a> reasons, and to symbolize their belonging to or identification with particular groups, including criminal gangs (see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_tattoo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Criminal tattoo">criminal tattoos</a>) or a particular ethnic group or law-abiding subculture. Some <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Māori people">Māori</a> still choose to wear intricate moko on their faces. In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Laos">Laos</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yantra_tattoo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Yantra tattoo">yantra tattoo</a> is used for protection against evil and to increase luck.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Text-based tattoos including quotes, lyrics, personal mottos or scripture are popular in western culture. As an example some Christians might have a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psalm" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Psalm">Psalm</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">verse</a> from the Bible tattooed on their body. Popular verses include John 3:16, Philippians 4:13, and Psalms 23.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-7" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[7]</a></sup></div>
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In the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> certain tribal groups believe tattoos have magical qualities, and help to protect their bearers. Most traditional tattooing in the Philippines is related to the bearer's accomplishments in life or rank in the tribe.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></div>
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Extensive decorative tattooing is common among members of traditional <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freak_show" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Freak show">freak shows</a> and by performance artists who follow in their tradition.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Identification">Identification</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; display: inline-block; font-size: x-small; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em; margin-left: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tattoo&action=edit&section=5" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Identification">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></h3>
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<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Auschwitz_survivor_displays_tattoo_detail.jpg" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="320" data-file-width="651" height="118" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Auschwitz_survivor_displays_tattoo_detail.jpg/240px-Auschwitz_survivor_displays_tattoo_detail.jpg" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Auschwitz_survivor_displays_tattoo_detail.jpg/360px-Auschwitz_survivor_displays_tattoo_detail.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Auschwitz_survivor_displays_tattoo_detail.jpg/480px-Auschwitz_survivor_displays_tattoo_detail.jpg 2x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="240" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: left; word-wrap: break-word;">
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<a class="internal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Auschwitz_survivor_displays_tattoo_detail.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2011%2015%22%20width%3D%2215%22%20height%3D%2211%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cg%20id%3D%22magnify-clip%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22bigbox%22%20d%3D%22M1.509%201.865h10.99v7.919h-10.99z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22smallbox%22%20d%3D%22M-1.499%206.868h5.943v4.904h-5.943z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fg%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; display: block; height: 11px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 15px; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
An identification tattoo on a survivor of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz concentration camp</a></div>
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People have also been forcibly tattooed.</div>
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A well-known example is the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> practice of forcibly tattooing <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camp" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Nazi concentration camp">Nazi concentration camp</a> inmates with numbers during <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a> as part of the Nazis' <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identification_in_Nazi_camps#Numbers" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Identification in Nazi camps">identification system</a>, beginning in the Fall of 1941.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-8" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[8]</a></sup> The Nazis' <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="SS">SS</a> introduced the practice of forcibly tattooing identification numbers on inmates at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz concentration camp</a> in order to identify the bodies of registered prisoners in the concentration camps. During registration, the Nazis would pierce the outlines of the serial-number digits onto the prisoners' arms. Only Auschwitz put tattoos on inmates, of all the Nazi concentration camps.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-9" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[9]</a></sup> The tattoo was the prisoner's camp number, sometimes with a special symbol added: some <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jew" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Jew">Jews</a> had a triangle, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_people" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Romani people">Romani</a> had the letter "Z" (from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="German language">German</a> <i>Zigeuner</i> for "Gypsy"). In May 1944, the Jewish men received the letters "A" or "B" to indicate particular series of numbers. For unknown reasons, this number series for women never began again with the "B" series after they had reached the number limit of 20,000 for the "A" series.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-10" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[10]</a></sup> The practice continued until the last days of Auschwitz.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-11" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[11]</a></sup></div>
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Tattoos have also been used for identification in other ways. As early as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou</a>, Chinese authorities would employ facial tattoos as a punishment for certain crimes or to mark prisoners or slaves. During the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, Roman soldiers were required by law to have identifying tattoos on their hands in order to make desertion difficult.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Gladiators and slaves were likewise tattooed: exported slaves were tattooed with the words "tax paid", and it was a common practice to tattoo "Stop me, I'm a runaway" on their foreheads.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-12" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[12]</a></sup> Owing to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bible">Biblical</a> strictures against the practice, Emperor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine I</a>banned tattooing the face around AD 330, and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Council_of_Nicaea" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Second Council of Nicaea">Second Council of Nicaea</a> banned all body markings as a pagan practice in AD 787.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mayor_13-0" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-Mayor-13" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[13]</a></sup></div>
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In the period of early contact between the Māori and Europeans, the Maori people hunted and decapitated each other for their <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tā moko">moko tattoos</a>, which they traded for European items including axes and firearms.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-14" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-14" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[14]</a></sup> Moko tattoos were facial designs worn by women and men to indicate their lineage, social position, and status within the tribe. The tattoo art was a sacred marker of identity among the Maori and also referred to as a vehicle for storing one's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapu_(Polynesian_culture)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tapu (Polynesian culture)">tapu</a>, or spiritual being, in the afterlife.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-google1_15-0" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-google1-15" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[15]</a></sup></div>
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<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mark_of_a_deserter.jpg" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2448" data-file-width="3264" height="165" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mark_of_a_deserter.jpg/220px-Mark_of_a_deserter.jpg" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mark_of_a_deserter.jpg/330px-Mark_of_a_deserter.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mark_of_a_deserter.jpg/440px-Mark_of_a_deserter.jpg 2x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: left; word-wrap: break-word;">
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<a class="internal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mark_of_a_deserter.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2011%2015%22%20width%3D%2215%22%20height%3D%2211%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cg%20id%3D%22magnify-clip%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22bigbox%22%20d%3D%22M1.509%201.865h10.99v7.919h-10.99z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22smallbox%22%20d%3D%22M-1.499%206.868h5.943v4.904h-5.943z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fg%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; display: block; height: 11px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 15px; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
Tattoo marking a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertion" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Desertion">deserter</a> from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="British Army">British Army</a>; skin removed post-mortem</div>
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Tattoos are sometimes used by <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_pathologist" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Forensic pathologist">forensic pathologists</a> to help them identify burned, putrefied, or mutilated bodies. As tattoo pigment lies encapsulated deep in the skin, tattoos are not easily destroyed even when the skin is burned.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></div>
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Tattoos are also placed on animals, though rarely for decorative reasons. Pets, show animals, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoroughbred" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Thoroughbred">thoroughbred</a> horses, and livestock are sometimes tattooed with identification and other marks. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestock_branding" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Livestock branding">Branding</a> is used for similar reasons and is often performed without anesthesia, but is different from tattooing as no ink or dye is inserted during the process.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Pet dogs and cats are sometimes tattooed with a serial number (usually in the ear, or on the inner thigh) via which their owners can be identified, though the use of a microchip has become the increasingly more popular choice.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></div>
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<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diana_na_2de_beh.JPG" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1944" data-file-width="2592" height="165" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Diana_na_2de_beh.JPG/220px-Diana_na_2de_beh.JPG" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Diana_na_2de_beh.JPG/330px-Diana_na_2de_beh.JPG 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Diana_na_2de_beh.JPG/440px-Diana_na_2de_beh.JPG 2x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: left; word-wrap: break-word;">
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<a class="internal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diana_na_2de_beh.JPG" style="-webkit-user-select: none; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2011%2015%22%20width%3D%2215%22%20height%3D%2211%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cg%20id%3D%22magnify-clip%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22bigbox%22%20d%3D%22M1.509%201.865h10.99v7.919h-10.99z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22smallbox%22%20d%3D%22M-1.499%206.868h5.943v4.904h-5.943z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fg%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; display: block; height: 11px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 15px; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_makeup" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Permanent makeup">Tattooed lip makeup</a></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Cosmetic">Cosmetic</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; display: inline-block; font-size: x-small; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em; margin-left: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tattoo&action=edit&section=6" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Cosmetic">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></h3>
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Main article: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_makeup" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Permanent makeup">Permanent makeup</a></div>
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The cosmetic surgery industry continues to see a trend of increased popularity for both surgical and noninvasive procedures (Gimlin 2002; Sullivan 2001).</div>
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When used as a form of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmetics" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Cosmetics">cosmetics</a>, tattooing includes permanent makeup and hiding or neutralizing skin discolorations. Permanent makeup is the use of tattoos to enhance eyebrows, lips (liner and/or lipstick), eyes (liner), and even <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_(skin_marking)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mole (skin marking)">moles</a>, usually with natural colors, as the designs are intended to resemble makeup.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></div>
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A growing trend in the US and UK is to place artistic <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titoo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Titoo">titoos</a> over the surgical scars of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastectomy" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mastectomy">mastectomy</a>. "More women are choosing not to reconstruct after a mastectomy and tattoo over the scar tissue instead.... The mastectomy tattoo will become just another option for post cancer patients and a truly personal way of regaining control over post cancer bodies and proving once and for all that breast cancer is not just a pink ribbon."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-16" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[16]</a></sup> The tattooing of nipples on reconstructed breasts remains in high demand, however.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-17" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-17" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[17]</a></sup></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Functional">Functional</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; display: inline-block; font-size: x-small; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em; margin-left: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tattoo&action=edit&section=7" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Functional">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></h3>
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Functional tattoos are used primarily for a purpose other than aesthetics. One such use is to tattoo <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Alzheimer">Alzheimer</a> patients with their name, so they may be easily identified if they go missing.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-18" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-18" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[18]</a></sup></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Medical">Medical</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; display: inline-block; font-size: x-small; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em; margin-left: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tattoo&action=edit&section=8" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Medical">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="color: #555555; margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle" role="note" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 1.6em;">
Main article: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_tattoo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Medical tattoo">Medical tattoo</a></div>
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<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Man_with_armpit_tattoo._Razor_Neva,_blood_type,_birth_year._Color.jpg" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="4032" data-file-width="6048" height="147" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Man_with_armpit_tattoo._Razor_Neva%2C_blood_type%2C_birth_year._Color.jpg/220px-Man_with_armpit_tattoo._Razor_Neva%2C_blood_type%2C_birth_year._Color.jpg" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Man_with_armpit_tattoo._Razor_Neva%2C_blood_type%2C_birth_year._Color.jpg/330px-Man_with_armpit_tattoo._Razor_Neva%2C_blood_type%2C_birth_year._Color.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Man_with_armpit_tattoo._Razor_Neva%2C_blood_type%2C_birth_year._Color.jpg/440px-Man_with_armpit_tattoo._Razor_Neva%2C_blood_type%2C_birth_year._Color.jpg 2x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: none; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.4em; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: left; word-wrap: break-word;">
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<a class="internal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Man_with_armpit_tattoo._Razor_Neva,_blood_type,_birth_year._Color.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2011%2015%22%20width%3D%2215%22%20height%3D%2211%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cg%20id%3D%22magnify-clip%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22bigbox%22%20d%3D%22M1.509%201.865h10.99v7.919h-10.99z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22smallbox%22%20d%3D%22M-1.499%206.868h5.943v4.904h-5.943z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fg%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; display: block; height: 11px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 15px; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
Medical tattoo: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_type" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Blood type">blood type</a>.</div>
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Medical tattoos are used to ensure instruments are properly located for repeated application of radiotherapy and for the areola in <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titoo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Titoo">some forms of breast reconstruction</a>. Tattooing has also been used to convey medical information about the wearer (e.g., blood group, medical condition, etc.). Additionally, tattoos are used in skin tones to cover <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitiligo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Vitiligo">vitiligo</a>, a skin pigmentation disorder.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-19" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[19]</a></sup></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_blood_group_tattoo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="SS blood group tattoo">SS blood group tattoos</a> (German: Blutgruppentätowierung) were worn by members of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waffen-SS" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a> in Nazi Germany during World War II to identify the individual's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_type" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Blood type">blood type</a>. After the war, the tattoo was taken to be prima facie, if not perfect, evidence of being part of the Waffen-SS, leading to potential arrest and prosecution. This led a number of Ex-Waffen-SS to shoot themselves through the arm with a gun, removing the tattoo and leaving scars like the ones resulting from pox inoculation, making the removal less obvious.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></div>
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Tattoos were probably also used in ancient medicine as part of the treatment of the patient. In 1898, Daniel Fouquet, a medical doctor, wrote an article on “medical tattooing” practices in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a>, in which he describes the tattooed markings on the female mummies found at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_el-Bahari" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Deir el-Bahari">Deir el-Bahari</a> site. He speculated that the tattoos and other <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarification" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Scarification">scarifications</a> observed on the bodies may have served a medicinal or therapeutic purpose: "The examination of these scars, some white, others blue, leaves in no doubt that they are not, in essence, ornament, but an established treatment for a condition of the pelvis, very probably chronic <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvic_peritonitis" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pelvic peritonitis">pelvic peritonitis</a>."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-20" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[20]</a></sup></div>
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<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-55" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"></sup></div>

Types

The American Academy of Dermatology distinguishes five types of tattoos: [4] traumatic tattoos, also called "natural tattoos"...

A tattoo is a form of body modification, made by inserting indelible ink into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment.

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Title: A tattoo is a form of body modification, made by inserting indelible ink into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment.
Author: Unknown
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A Māori Chief with tattoos ( moko ) seen by Cook and his crew The word tattoo , or tattow in the 18th century, is a loanword f...

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A Māori Chief with tattoos (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tā moko">moko</a>) seen by Cook and his crew</div>
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The word <i>tattoo</i>, or <i>tattow</i> in the 18th century, is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loanword" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Loanword">loanword</a> from the Polynesian word <i>tatau</i>, meaning "correct, workmanlike".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-samoa_1-0" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-samoa-1" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup> The <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> gives the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etymology" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Etymology">etymology</a> of tattoo as "In 18th c. tattaow, tattow. From Polynesian (Samoan, Tahitian, Tongan, etc.) tatau. In Marquesan, tatu." Before the importation of the Polynesian word, the practice of tattooing had been described in the West as painting, scarring, or staining.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Abington_2010_2-0" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-Abington_2010-2" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[2]</a></sup></div>
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This is not to be confused with the origins of the word for the military drumbeat or performance — see <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_tattoo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Military tattoo">military tattoo</a></i>. In this case, the English word tattoo is derived from the Dutch word <i>taptoe</i> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Oxford English Dictionary">OED</a>).</div>
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The first written reference to the word <i>tattoo</i> (or <i>tatau</i>), appears in the journal of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Joseph Banks">Joseph Banks</a> (24 February 1743 – 19 June 1820), the naturalist aboard <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_Cook" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Captain Cook">Captain Cook</a>'s ship the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Endeavour" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="HMS Endeavour">HMS Endeavour</a></i>: "I shall now mention the way they mark themselves indelibly, each of them is so marked by their humour or disposition".</div>
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The word "tattoo" was brought to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Europe">Europe</a> by the explorer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cook" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="James Cook">James Cook</a>, when he returned in 1769 from his first voyage to Tahiti and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. In his narrative of the voyage, he refers to an operation called "tattaw".</div>
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Tattoo enthusiasts may refer to tattoos as "ink", "pieces", "skin art", "tattoo art", "tats", or "work"; to the creators as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo_artist" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tattoo artist">"tattoo artists", "tattooers", or "tattooists"</a>; and to places where they work as "tattoo shops", "tattoo studios", or "tattoo parlors".</div>
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A tattooed man's back, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Japan">Japan</a>, c. 1875</div>
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Mainstream art galleries hold exhibitions of both conventional and custom tattoo designs such as <i>Beyond Skin</i>, at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Croydon" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Museum of Croydon">Museum of Croydon</a>. Copyrighted tattoo designs that are mass-produced and sent to tattoo artists are known as "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_(tattoo)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Flash (tattoo)">flash</a>", a notable instance of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_design" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Industrial design">industrial design</a>. Flash sheets are prominently displayed in many tattoo parlors for the purpose of providing both inspiration and ready-made tattoo images to customers.</div>
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The Japanese word <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irezumi" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Irezumi">irezumi</a></i> means "insertion of ink" and can mean tattoos using <i>tebori</i>, the traditional Japanese hand method, a Western-style machine, or for that matter, any method of tattooing using insertion of ink. The most common word used for traditional Japanese tattoo designs is <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horimono" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Horimono">Horimono</a></i>. Japanese may use the word "tattoo" to mean non-Japanese styles of tattooing.</div>
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Anthropologist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ling_Roth" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Henry Ling Roth">Ling Roth</a> in 1900 described four methods of skin marking and suggested they be differentiated under the names "tatu", "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tā moko">moko</a>", "<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicatrix" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Cicatrix">cicatrix</a>", and "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keloid" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Keloid">keloid</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattoo#cite_note-3" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup></div>

A tattoo is a form of body modification, made by inserting indelible ink into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment.

A Māori Chief with tattoos ( moko ) seen by Cook and his crew The word tattoo , or tattow in the 18th century, is a loanword f...

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A tattoo is a form of body modification, made by inserting indelible ink into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment.

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